ISO is your sensors sensitivity to light. Low ISO values (e.g. ISO 200) make the sensor less sensitive to light, which means that you would need more light to expose an image than you would need if you use a higher ISO value (e.g. ISO 1600).
Back in the days of film, you could only use one ISO at a time and that was the ISO of the film that you were using. With digital cameras, we have the ability to change out ISO on the go depending on the lighting conditions that we are in.
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| Low ISO (ISO 100) - Accurate colors and free of noise |
ISO also affects the amount of noise that you have in your image. Digital noise are the random specs of colored pixels that you see in some images. The higher your ISO is, the more noise you will get in your images, which is why it is not ideal to raise your ISO more than you have to. Using higher ISO values will also skew how your colors look, making them look a lot duller than what is actually there.
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| High ISO (ISO 3200) - Noise is introduced and colors are not acurate |
When given a lot of light, you should use the lowest native ISO that you can. Increase your ISO when your shutter speed and aperture are at the point where you do not what to change them anymore. The ISO is usually that last thing that you'll change out of the three things that affect your exposure.
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